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สำนักงานพัฒนาธุรกรรมทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ Electronic Transactions Development Agency |
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สำนักงานพัฒนาธุรกรรมทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ Electronic Transactions Development Agency |
APT group: Hexane| Names | Hexane (Dragos) Lyceum (SecureWorks) Cobalt Lyceum (SecureWorks) Siamesekitten (ClearSky) ATK 120 (Thales) Yellow Dev 9 (PWC) | |
| Country |  Iran | |
| Motivation | Information theft and espionage | |
| First seen | 2017 | |
| Description | (Dragos) Dragos identified a new activity group targeting industrial control systems (ICS) related entities: Hexane. Dragos observed this group targeting oil and gas companies in the Middle East, including Kuwait as a primary operating region. Additionally, and unlike other activity groups Dragos tracks, Hexane also targeted telecommunication providers in the greater Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa, potentially as a stepping stone to network-focused man-in-the-middle and related attacks. The threat actor shows similarities with other groups such as APT 33, Elfin, Magnallium and OilRig, APT 34, Helix Kitten, Chrysene, both active since at least 2017 and involved in attacks on oil and gas companies. Anyway, experts pointed out that the Hexane group has differed TTPs and has its own arsenal. | |
| Observed | Sectors: Energy, Oil and gas, Telecommunications. Countries: Israel, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, UAE and Middle East, Central Asia and Africa. | |
| Tools used | DanBot, DanDrop, Decrypt-RDCMan.ps1, Get-LAPSP.ps1, Marlin, Milan, kl.ps1, Shark. | |
| Operations performed | May 2021 | New Iranian Espionage Campaign By “Siamesekitten” – Lyceum <https://www.clearskysec.com/siamesekitten/> |
| 2021 | In 2021, we have been able to identify a new cluster of the group’s activity, focused on two entities in Tunisia <https://securelist.com/lyceum-group-reborn/104586/> | |
| Jul 2021 | Who are latest targets of cyber group Lyceum? <https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/iran-based-lyceum-campaigns> | |
| Sep 2021 | Operation “Out to Sea” OilRig was particularly active in September – December 2021, iterating on a campaign we are calling Out to Sea. OilRig operators have been developing and deploying iterative improvements to the DanBot backdoor, with Shark, Milan, and Marlin, an ESET exclusive. <https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/eset_threat_report_t32021.pdf> | |
| Mar 2022 | Mid March, an Israeli energy company received an email with the subject “Russian war crimes in Ukraine”. <https://research.checkpoint.com/2022/state-sponsored-attack-groups-capitalise-on-russia-ukraine-war-for-cyber-espionage/> | |
| Jun 2022 | Lyceum .NET DNS Backdoor <https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/lyceum-net-dns-backdoor> | |
| Jun 2022 | ClearSky discovered a new malware associated with the Iranian SiameseKitten (Lyceum) group with medium-high confidence. <https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Lyceum-suicide-drone-23.6.pdf> | |
| Information | <https://dragos.com/resource/hexane/> <https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lyceum-takes-center-stage-in-middle-east-campaign> | |
| MITRE ATT&CK | <https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1001/> | |
Last change to this card: 10 March 2024
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